Polyvictimization in Nordic Adolescents: Educational Implications for School Safety and Prevention Policy

Abstract

This study addresses a critical gap by examining the theoretical relationship between Target Congruence Theory (TCT) and polyvictimization among Nordic adolescents. Using cross-sectional data from the Ungdata survey of 13,326 high school students in Vestland County, Norway, the study explores how TCT enhances understanding of the complexity of multiple victimization experiences and informs policy recommendations for school administrators and educators aimed at preventing and addressing polyvictimization. The findings indicate that 12.8% of students experienced polyvictimization. Logistic regression analyses demonstrate that all three TCT constructs are significantly associated with polyvictimization, underscoring the explanatory value of TCT in interpreting adolescent victimization patterns. More specifically, depressive symptoms, perceived pressure, and diminished safety perceptions significantly increase the likelihood of both single and multiple forms of victimization. Hate speech victimization emerges as particularly prevalent, affecting students across diverse backgrounds. In contrast, positive family relationships and higher levels of school well-being function as protective factors.